FOOD. Science. Technology. Quality

Food. SCIENCE. Technology. Quality

Food. Science. TECHNOLOGY. Quality

Food. Science. Technology. QUALITY

Authors

AGATA MARZEC, ARLETA MIESZKOWSKA, URSZULA STAŃCZYK

Title

Effect of storage under freezing conditions on texture of sunflower bread baked using bake-off technology

Abstract

The objective of the research study was to determine the effect of storing sunflower bread, baked using a bake-off technology, under the freezing conditions on the changes occurring in its texture. The research study comprised partially baked sunflower bread: A that was obtained immediately after baking and B that was stored for 6 months at a controlled temperature of -30 ºC. The A and B semi-finished products were stored at -18 ºC. After a period of 1, 4, 7, and 16 weeks, the A and B breads were baked, and the B bread was baked also after a period of 21 weeks. Then, the following was analyzed: water activity, porosity, and texture of breads crumb. The texture profile analysis (TPA) was carried out in a TA-XT2i Texture Analyzer. The acoustic emission was measured using a contact method during the compression test of the bread crumb in a ZWICK testing machine. The texture of the A and B sunflower bread baked using a bake-off technology changed significantly during the storing at -18 ºC. It was found that during storage the hardness of the A and B sunflower bread crumbs tended to decrease and their cohesiveness to increase. As for the A sunflower bread, significant changes occurred in the parameters of acoustic emission (amplitude, acoustic energy, and number of acoustic emission events) after 4 weeks of storing it; as for the B sunflower bread, those changes occurred after 16 weeks of storage. The PCA analysis showed that the texture of the A bread crumb was constantly changing over a storage period of 16 weeks, while the B bread crumb had a similar texture after the 1st and 4th week of storage; the significant changes in the B bread crumb occurred only after the 7th week of storage. Storing the sunflower bread for six months under the controlled conditions caused the texture of the bread crumb, after defrosting and baking, to become similar to the texture of the bread obtained directly from the production and stored for 4 weeks at -18 ºC.

Keywords

partially baked sunflower bread, storage, texture, mechanical properties, acoustic emission

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