FOOD. Science. Technology. Quality

Food. SCIENCE. Technology. Quality

Food. Science. TECHNOLOGY. Quality

Food. Science. Technology. QUALITY

Authors

RADOSŁAW DEMBCZYŃSKI, WOJCIECH BIAŁAS, ANNA OLEJNIK, PRZEMYSŁAW KOWALCZEWSKI, AGNIESZKA DROŻDŻYŃSKA, TOMASZ JANKOWSKI

Title

Separation of anthocyanins from black carrot, chokeberry, blackcurrant, and elderberry with the use of preparative chromatography

Abstract

The objective of the research study work was to develop a method to obtain anthocyanin pigments from the extracts of chokeberry, elderberry and blackcurrant as well as black carrot roots. The separation of anthocyanins into individual fractions was carried out using preparative chromatography in an Agilent Zorbax SB C18 column (250 × 21.2 mm). Four anthocyanin pigments were identified in the extracts of chokeberry and blackcurrant. Chokeberry fruits contained derivatives of cyanidin, namely: cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, and cyanidin-3-O-xyloside, while in the fruits of blackcurrant, the derivatives of delphinidin and cyanidin were reported, i.e.: delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside. Two fractions were obtained from elderberry fruits and each one was a mixture of two anthocyanins; the first fraction contained cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside-5-O-glucoside, and cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, whereas the second one consisted of cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Three anthocyanins were isolated from the roots of black carrot i.e.: cyanidin-3-O-xylosyl(sinapoylglucosyl)galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-xylosyl(feruolylglucosyl)galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-xylosyl(coumaroylglucosyl)galactoside. Anthocyanin preparations in a solid form were obtained after the produced fractions were concentrated in a rotary evaporator and freeze-dried. A purity analysis of the anthocyanins was carried out by HPLC using an analytical Agilent Zorbax SB C18 column (5 mm, 250 × 4.6 mm). Of the 13 solid anthocyanin preparations, seven were characterized by a purity level above 90 %: cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside isolated from chokeberry; delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside obtained from fruits of blackcurrant, and cyanidin-3-O-xylosyl(feruolylglucosyl)galactoside obtained from black carrot roots. The purity of other anthocyanin preparations ranged between 51 and 87 %.

Keywords

anthocyanins, extraction, liquid chromatography, preparative chromatography, freeze-drying

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