In this paper, some screening methods to detect LAB able to synthesize bacteriocins were discussed. Three conventional screening procedures were presented. Furthermore, the methods to identify LAB and to detect bacteriocins produce by LAB were described. The complex (multipronged) character of conventional screening procedures was emphasized and the reasons for their low effectiveness were explained. In addition, the role of both the metagenomic analysis and the fluorescent hybridization in situ in screening procedures was detailed. It was emphasized that those techniques might be applied at initial screening stages to determine habitats rich in bacteriocinogenic LAB, thereby increasing the probability of isolating the bacteriocin-producing microorganisms from natural systems. In the final part of the paper, the conventional and novel screening procedures were compared.