A VBNC state (viable but nonculturable) is referred to the population of living bacterial cells that are nonculturable in culture media. This state of lactic acid bacteria can be caused by: variable temperature conditions, a decreased pH value of the environment, or the presence of bile salts and other bacteriostatic agents. A population to retain a VBNC state cannot be analysed using traditional methods because of a limiting criterion, which is the culturability of bacteria on microbiological media. The application of the techniques, which analyse different anatomical and/or physiological parameters of cells regardless of their ability to grow on culture media, is justified when assessing lactic acid bacteria in terms of usability, functionality, and safety.