Modern technologies make it possible to produce GM foods; however, introducing them to the market continuously necessitates creating new legal regulations not only at the national but, also, at the international level. This is linked to the process of globalization, i.e. the spread of customs, values, and  technologies so that they impact human life in the world. Instruments facilitating the process of globalization are agreements on the elimination of mutual trade barriers. A new US-EU agreement has been negotiated since 2013. It is an Agreement on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), which involves the liberalization of trade in goods as well as services in many sectors of the economy of the European Union and the United States. Agriculture is one of the most difficult and most sensitive sectors in those negotiations. The reason thereof is the fact that, in this field, the European Union and the United States have a different approach to many issues concerning the production of and trade in agricultural products and agric-food products. An obstacle to  future negotiations is the GM food area. In the European Union, the European Parliament and the EU Council have enacted legal regulations introducing strict procedures for dealing with GMOs. Meanwhile, in the United  States there is no separate uniform regulation regarding GM foods. In the paper, there are indicated fundamental  differences between the EU legal model of GM food safety involving the precautionary principle and the US  regulatory model using the principle of equivalence.