Swiss-Dutch type cheeses are produced with the use of lactic acid streptococci: Lactococcus spp., Leuconostoc spp., and propionic acid rods of Propionibacterium spp. Starter cultures and the environment of ripening cheese create a very complex and, at the same time, a dynamic system. Biotechnological processes occurring in the matrix of cheese ripening under the industrial conditions mainly depend on the physiological state of the micro-organisms applied. The metabolism of bacterial cells governs the biochemical and enzymatic changes occurring in the cheese environment, thus, it models the desirable characteristics of the product.