Authors identified nutritional and clinical risks and investigated their effect on population health in Slovakia within more than the last 40 years. The results were supported by nationally representative, nutrition researches conducted on more than 20 000 people. Simultaneously, the following factors were studied: average lipid blood levels; prevalence of dyslipidaemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal carcinoma in Slovak Republic; and the results of 4 dietetic tests (pectin + ascorbic acid, essential phospholipids, powder from Pleurotus ostreatus, and flavonoid preparation). As a result some improvement measures were suggested for the population in terms of nutrition, some regulation changes were proposed in food and nutritional policy, and finally some proposals were addressed to food processors.