Commercial scale production of microbial cellulose has not been significant up to now because of the difficulties connected with a proper selection of high-active strains, which would be able to synthetise cellulose in an agitated culture, and with regard to the cost of nutrient medium components. Investigation on cellulose biosynthesis by Acetobacter xylinum proved that the polysaccharide is secreted extracellularly as ribbons creating meticulously woven webs, that under stationary culture conditions form jelly-like pellicles at a surface of liquid media. Commercial applications of bacterial cellulose preparations depend on their properties. It can be applied in the pulp industry, textile industry, food industry, and in medicine.