The first objective of the study was to evaluate the morphological and chemical properties, and antioxidant activity of ten Polish Cornelian cherry varieties: Bolestraszycki, Dublany, Florianka, Juliusz, Kresowiak, Paczoski, Podolski, Raciborski, Słowianin, and Szafer from the Arboretum and Institute of Physiography in Bolestraszyce. The other objective was to group those cherry varieties based on the harvest period thereof and on the shape of their fruit. Significant differences in fruit morphology and physicochemical properties between the varieties studied were proved. Four fruit harvest time periods were set: the second half of August (as for the Dublany, Juliusz early varieties), the turn of August and September (as for the Raciborski, Szafer medium early varieties), September (as for the Bolestraszycki, Kresowiak, Paczoski, and Słowianin varieties) and the turn of September and October (as for the Florianka, Podolski late varieties). Among the varieties analysed, pear-shaped fruits (Bolestraszycki, Dublany, Kresowiak, Paczoski, Szafer) predominated. The fruits of the Juliusz variety were spherical, of the Florianka and Podolski – oval, and of the Słowianin – bottle-pear shaped. The Podolski variety was characterized by the biggest fruits (on average: 3.47 g) and, also, by the smallest portion of stone in the fruit (on average: 10.14 %). The level of extract depended on the variety and ranged from 13.8 % (Julius) to 19.9 % (Szafer). The concentration of total sugars in the fruits was 10.1-16.4 %, pectin 1.1 – 1.9 %, and acidity: 1.7 – 3.2 %. The highest content of vitamin C and of total polyphenols were recorded in the fruits of the Szafer variety, respectively: 75.05 mg/100 g and 464 mg/100 g. Fruits of the Juliusz var. were the brightest and contained less than 30 mg/100 g anthocyanins, while the varieties Bolestraszycki and Szafer were the darkest and contained, respectively, 112 mg/100 g and 160 mg/100 g of anthocyanins. Fruits of Szafer var. showed the highest antioxidant activity, which, depending on the method used, was 19.0 µM Trolox/g (DPPH^•), 39.0 µM Trolox/g (ABTS^•+) 41.1 µM Trolox/g (FRAP).