The objective of the research study was to assess the impact of purity of rapeseed and oil purification method on chemical characteristics and microbiological quality of cold pressed oils. The research scope comprised: analysis of basic quality characteristics of 11 industrial batches of „00” rapeseed varieties, pressing in an expeller, oil purification using a natural settling and decanting or centrifuging methods, and quality analysis of fresh pressed and stored oils. In the seed samples studied, contents of water, fat, and contaminations were determined, and in the oil samples: degree of hydrolysis, primary and secondary degree of lipid oxidation, Totox ratio, and oxidative stability in a Rancimat test. The total number of microorganisms and the amount of fungi were determined in the seeds and oils. In addition, isolated types of mold were identified. The individual batches of rapeseed were characterized by a varying quality as regards their contents of fat, water, and useful and useless contaminations. The microbial contamination of seeds was at a level of 10³ – 10⁴ cfu/g. A positive linear correlation was found between the content of contaminants and the microbiological quality of seeds. The cold-pressed rapeseed oils were characterized by a medium degree of hydrolysis and oxidation of lipids. The quality of oils depended on the seed contamination.The quality of the centrifuged oils was higher than that of the decanted oils. The treatment method affected the chemical and microbiological quality of the oils during storage. A 6 month storage of oils purified by decantation caused a higher reduction in their quality compared to the centrifuged oils. The degree of hydrolysis and oxidation of lipids increased and the total count of microorganisms increased. However, the microbiological contamination of cold-pressed oils was very low (at a level of 10¹ to 10² cfu/cm³), i.e. from 10 to 1000 times lower than the contamination of rapeseed. Spore-forming bacteria, yeast, and mold were found on the seeds and in the oils studied. Among the fungi, a prevailing microflora were molds of the genus Penicillium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Rhizopus, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium.