In the years from 2006 to 2007, an experiment with oat cultivar (‘Gniady’) was conducted on 14 m² micro-plots with concrete walls; the thickness of soil layer was 2m; the soil layer contained different types of soil. The objective of the experiment was to determine the impact of different types of soil on the yield and parameters of yield structure, as well as to study the range of differences in the canopy structure of oats grown on soils showing varying suitability for growing this type of corn. The research accomplished showed a significant impact (interaction) of soil parameters and weather conditions on the yielding and canopy structure of ‘Gniady’ oat cultivar. The variability in oat yielding during the years of experiment was considerably higher on the rye complex soils, in particular on the very weak rye complex soils, than on the soils belonging to wheat complex soils, except for the good wheat complex (rendzina soil). A lower productivity of oat canopies was attributed to high contents of short and poorer propagating plants with panicles that showed a worse yielding level. In the year 2006 with very high water shortage during the entire oat vegetative period, it was found that the content of short shoots in the canopies, in particular in those growing on weak rye, very weak rye complexes, and defective wheat complex (rendzina), was higher if compared with the year 2007, when the rainfall distribution was more advantageous.