Authors
Title
Abstract
The objective of the research study was to determine the effect of millet flour additive on physical, mechanical, and organoleptic properties of wheat-millet bread assessed on the day of baking the bread and during storage. The experimental material consisted of wheat bread and bread where a portion of wheat flour was replaced by wholegrain millet flour amounting to 15, 30 and 50 % of the wheat flour mass. Based on the mass of cold bread, the total baking loss was calculated. The bread volume was measured as were some mechanical properties of the crumb, such as: hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, gumminess, and resilience using a penetration test with a TA.XT Plus Texture Analyzer. An organoleptic analysis of bread was also performed and changes in the mechanical properties of the bread crumb were examined during storage. Compared to the wheat bread and the bread with the 15-percent content of millet flour, in the bread with the 30- and 50-percent content of millet flour, a smaller baking loss was found and, also, a smaller volume of loaves thereof was reported. The 15 and 30 % content of millet flour significantly impacted the decrease in crumb hardness during storage. Then again, the millet flour added in the amount of 30 and 50 % caused the following texture parameters of crumb to decrease: cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience. Based on the results of the organoleptic assessment and penetration test, it is possible to successfully recommend bread with the 15 % content of millet flour.
Keywords
wheat-millet bread, quality of wheat-millet breads, mechanical properties of bread crumb, organoleptic assessment