The objective of the study was to characterize fish meat and fish industry waste as a source of valuable nutritional components and raw material for energy industry. Fish meat and fish products are an important element of the diversified diet. Fish and fish wastes can be a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), i.e. of the compounds that have positive effects on human body. Functional additives from fish are often used in the food technology, such as fish gelatine that differs from pork gelatine in its physical-chemical properties, fat-soluble vitamins, and carotenoid pigments with antioxidant effects. Peptides can be isolated from fish; they have antimicrobial effects on various species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In the study, a possibility has been shown of using fish wastes from the fish industry to produce valuable nutritional components. In addition to the use of fish wastes in the production of fish feed and meals, fish oils and silages as well as protein hydrolysates utilized as spices in the Asian cuisine, it is possible to use those fish wastes as a raw material for the energy industry, among other things in the production of biodiesel – a type of liquid fuel and in the production of biogas. Also, safety aspects have been discussed of consuming fish, which may contain harmful lipophilic organic compounds and heavy metals accumulated by those animals in their natural living environment, i.e. in the contaminated freshwater and in salty waters.